Locke’s Qualities vs. Berkeley’s Idealism - 754 Words

Locke’s Qualities vs. Berkeley’s Idealism In the modern period of philosophy, around the 16th and 17th century, after the fall of Rome and the rise of the dark years, three major events had occurred. The first began with the scientific revolution, where many philosophers were becoming scientist, such as the philosopher of science Francis Bacon. The next event was the resurgence of skepticism, where one questions everything until they discover the truth. For instance, the philosopher famous for saying the phrase â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum,† (translated as I think, therefore I am) was the skeptic Rene Descartes, who came up with this quote by doubting everything until there was nothing else to doubt except doubting. The final altering event in the†¦show more content†¦Berkeley describes there is no principle difference between the two qualities, for instance he states that a secondary quality corresponds to primary qualities because secondary qualities are cha racteristics that one cannot imagine an object existing without it, such as one cannot come up with an idea of a colorless shape. Another example that Berkeley points out is how people perceive qualities. Locke explains that secondary qualities are observed differently to different people. Berkeley finds this can be the same for primary qualities, such as two people looking at a triangle from different angles will have different perceptions of the shape. As a result, Berkeley finds that if one thinks secondary qualities exist only in the mind of the observer and one is convinced by his explanation of there being no distinction between the two qualities, then one would also conclude that primary qualities exist only in the mind of the observer. http://a8.8d.344a.static.theplanet.com/great_philosophers/did_berkeley_misunderstand_lockeShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Empiricism And The Spirit Behind It2295 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Reasoning Essay 3: British Empiricism with part icular reference to Locke’s theory of ideas – the basic principles of empiricism and the spirit behind it; Locke’s theory of the origin and types of ideas and the problems it gave rise to. Locke, John, An Essay concerning human understanding, Everyman, 1961: Book 1, of Innate ideas, Book 2, chapter 1, of ideas in general and their original, Berkeley, George, A treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge. Empiricists endorse the idea

Explanation Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 1262 Words

Physician assisted suicide has been legal in Oregon since November 1997. Over 750 people have taken advantage of this law since it was passed. Many people think there is something wrong with such this and it should be outlawed. I will argue that there is no moral basis for the outlaw of such a practice. Explanation of physician assisted suicide Physician assisted suicide occurs when an ill patient consults a doctor and decides that they would like to end their life. Typically, the patient is prescribed a medicine that, when taken, will cause death rather quickly. Terminally ill patients favor this because it offers an end that would be less painful for them or their families. Rather than die in a hospital attached to tubes and machines,†¦show more content†¦A person who is dying of a terminal illness is faced with only one certainty; they will die from this disease. A doctor can say roughly the amount of time that a patient has, but they exact date and level of pain is hard to determine. Many may look to a physician for the answer on if they should/shouldn’t choose PAS, however, the only role a physician plays is giving the medical diagnosis and working with the patient to get what the patient feels is the best option. Therefore, the decision the patient makes doesnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t make the physician a moral guide, but rather a person doing their job. The last big decision people who are terminally ill have is when/how to die and it has to be their own and it has to be respected. Argument against Physician Assisted Suicide When a person commits suicide claiming their right to autonomy as a defense for such an action, they are giving up that very right. Leon Kass would describe this as a tragedy. If person is fighting for something with all their might, such as their right to be free, but then they allow that thing to be taken away to show they have the freedom to choose, they have undermined their whole argument. Using just autonomy as a basis for physician-assisted suicide is simply a contradiction. When a patient decides to end their life, but not by their own hands, they are telling a physician that they have

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Essay

HIV Treatments and Reducing Drug Resistance Abstract HIV is a retrovirus that will constantly attack human’s immune system once an individual is infected and will eventually develop to AIDS, often a deadly sexually transmitted disease. Currently, there are different kinds of antiretroviral treatments available for patients who are tested to be HIV positive as well as patients with AIDS. HIV can easily develop resistance to its treatment through mutation each generation, which leads to ineffectiveness in treatment. The only way to continue to fight off HIV is to change treatment that is still available. Patients have to cooperate with experienced doctors by adhering to their professional recommendations, while doctors are responsible†¦show more content†¦However, as HIV attack the immune system over time, AIDS will eventually develop. No one has ever died from HIV infection, however, a person can die anytime when AIDS has developed in the body. When a person has AIDS, the immune system no longer has the ability to fight against minor infections such as bacteria, fungi or viruses that are usually not disease-causing. AIDS patients can get very HIV Treatments Reducing Resistance sick from these infections, known as opportunistic infections since their T-cells are almost eliminated in the immune system due to constant HIV attack (AIDS.org, 2004). The main goals of HIV and AIDS treatments are to slow down the rate of HIV from attacking the T-cells in the immune system and to help the immune system to restore the ability to fight against infection (AIDS.org, 2005). From the perspective of the medical profession, HIV/AIDS specialized and experienced doctors have to be predominantly attentive on the HIV patients’ health conditions and their test results in order to correctly recommend when the patients should change their treatments to continue fighting against HIV or AIDS. Since the effect of HIV is significantly harmful to the patients’ health condition when there is a minor mistake on treatment. Doctors usually have to look closely at the patients’ recent medical record and take changes into consideratio n for when changingShow MoreRelatedPrevention Of The Tuberculosis Epidemic872 Words   |  4 Pagesequal access to treatment, meaning it is necessary to increase availability of health services. Political influence and funding enables distribution of health services to every affected area in South Africa and at a low cost, ensuring everyone in need is able to receive care. Additionally, it is necessary to have a standardised treatment program involving supervision and patient support. 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Basic Problems of Demand and Supply

Question: Discuss about the Basic Problems of Demand and Supply. Answer: Introduction: Economics deals with the basic problems of demand and supply. Any country has always been concerned with the total production and the consumption of the economy and the way in which minute changes in the economy has a huge impact on the total demand and supply system (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). This report deals with business economics and market research of the firms. There are several factors that a company takes into consideration while deciding upon the firms demand, supply, elasticity and effect of external shock and governments policy on supply-demand chain of the economy (Mankiw 2016). This report consists of three parts that needs to be analyzed. The first part deals with Ex Hoon Pty Ltd Company. The second part deals with Fords close down of two centers and the third part highlights the effect of government action in the auto mobile industry in Australia. Ex Hoon Pty Ltd is the company dealing with the production of parts of automobiles. Recently it has got a patent in a high tech system that is expected to create a radical impact in the automation industry. This implies that using this new technology ensures a car to give better performance (Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013). Under this condition the economic impact of the firm has been highlighted below: Factors influencing Market Demand: Cost: It is the most imperative factor. If implementing the new technology results in havoc escalation of production cost of cars, then the producers will be reluctant in using the parts of Ex Hoon Pty Ltd. Financing option: The demand is always generated from buyers side. If the buyers get an easy loan, then it may induce them to buy a current model of car that uses the advanced technology, thereby increasing the demand of the product of the given company (Mankiw 2016). Advertisement and Marketing: People should be motivated by making them aware of the safety that the new technology can provide and henceforth generate the demand from peoples side only. Factors influencing Market Supply: Financing option: Easy access to loan with low interest rate will help the foresaid company to invest on their production thereby increasing the supply (Canto, Joines and Laffer 2014). Alternatives available: The supply of Ex Hoon Pty Ltd is also influenced by the available alternatives in the market. The greater the number manufacturer, the lesser the scope of unhindered supply in the market (Commission 2014). End market: The supply of the company also depends on the end market that is the automobile industry in this case. A downfall in the automobile industry will force the producer to constrict the supply of the parts. Concept of Elasticity: Price elasticity shows sensitive response of the demand due to a variation in the price. Car is a luxurious good and its demand increases in greater proportion with respect to the increase in price. In the short run due to unavailability of equivalent alternatives at cheaper rate, the production of the new technology is expected to increase as a result of inelastic demand (Canto, Joines and Laffer 2014). In long run, there can be several impacts on the production depending on the available alternatives, changes in price of raw materials and other changes and this leads to the demand to become elastic in nature. Ford announces to close the plants at Geelong and Broadmeadows. Ex Hoon Pty Ltd has been the major supplier of raw materials to Ford (Hawthorne 2015).The diagram below tries to highlight the effect of the shut-down of Ford on the Ex Hoon Pty Ltd. Comparative-Static Analysis: This analysis highlights the existing scenario of an economy and the changes that occurs after any economic distortion. Here, the closure of the Fords outlet is the economic distortion which has been analyzed to understand the impact on Ex Hoons production level (Brown 2015). Initial demand and supply has been shown by the line D1 and S1 and its intersection gave the equilibrium outcome. Equilibrium output was Q1 and price was P1. Ex-Post Fords closure: The demand for goods of Ex Hoon Pty Ltd decreased as shown by the backward shift of the curve to D2. At the immediate level the supply cannot change (Reugg and Marshall 2013). After sometime, the supply decreases too, shown by the upward shift of the curve to S2. The new equilibrium price is P2 and the quantity available in the market is Q2. Here it can be seen that price of the automobile parts will increase and the supply will get reduce as an effect of closure of the Ford at two different places. This section tries to highlight the effect that may occur if the government imposes strict policies. If the government puts a baseline for safety measures that the companies needs to follow, then the effect of such policy on the market of products of Ex Hoon Pty Ltd has been discussed below with the diagram: As government has announced that the automobile industry should adopt high quality safety measures, there has been some impact of this announcement. The company with the expectation of having increase in their products demand starts producing more goods. As a result the supply curve S1 expands outward to S2. As the Ford has already produced the cars for this period hence there is no change in the demand for automobile parts in the immediate scenario (Davison 2013). The scenario is expected to change in the next period. Hence, it can be seen from the graph that price decreases to P2 and quantity supplied increases to Q2. Conclusion: The effects of demand and supply of the parts of automobiles as a result of change in the supply of automobile cars has been highlighted here. Also the impact of government intervention to influence and ensure high level of safety measures has been discussed in the simplest way (Davison 2013).. However the whole report has been constructed with the concept of ceteris parebus. In reality existence of ceteris parebus is a Eutopian situation and hence the impacts are far more complicated are beyond the purview of this report. References: Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Mankiw, N.G., 2016. Economics-Microeconomics-Principles of Microeconomics. Hawthorne, J. (2015). Australia's car industry one year from closing its doors. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/australias-car-industry-one-year-from-closing-its-doors-20151012-gk7ip0.html [Accessed 9 Dec. 2016]. Productivity Commission, 2014. Australias automotive manufacturing industry. Canto, V.A., Joines, D.H. and Laffer, A.B., 2014.Foundations of supply-side economics: Theory and evidence. Academic Press. Brown, R., 2015. Reviewing the effectiveness of electronic vehicle immobilisation: evidence from four countries.Security Journal,28(4), pp.329-351. Ruegg, R. and Marshall, H., 2013.Building economics: theory and practice. Springer Science Business Media. Davison, R. (2013). Why Ford's exit spells end for manufacturing in Australia. [online] Mackay Daily Mercury. Available at: https://www.dailymercury.com.au/news/why-fords-exit-spells-end-manufacturing-australia/1881073/#/0 [Accessed 9 Dec. 2016].